Almost miraculously the 'Ring' as Germans used to call it, escaped total destruction during the siege by the Soviet army in 1945. Though many of the historic buildings were damaged, they could be restored pretty easily. Compared to for instance the old town of Warsaw.
This huge market place has been in existence since the early 1200s, but most of the presentday buildings are from the early 1900s when Breslau's economy was booming and its population reached over a half a million. Not just German business people erected tenements and offices here, but also Jewish Germans like the Barasch brothers who opened a huge department store at the eastside of the square now called Feniks.
Classicism and Baroque are the main architectural styles of the structures on and lining the square, but Art Nouveau and Jugendstil can also be observed. You could easily spend a day or two to identfy the variety of artistic expression here.
During the last decade the square has become more and more touristy. Street performers, beggars, touts who want to lure you to erotic shows, vendors are all part of the Rynek cocktail today.