There is a bus that goes from Jerusalem to Tiberias - go to:
http://www.egged.co.il/Eng/
and choose from the dropdown menu Jerusalem as departure city and Tiberias for destination city, pick a day (not Saturday), click on search and you'll see the schedule (at least as it is now).
There are some hostels in Tiberias, some run by the Israel Youth Hostel Association (which are all very nice). The IYHA has a good website at:
http://www.iyha.org.il/eng/
The two in the Tiberias area are at Karei Deshe and Poriya.
There is also the Yosef Meyouhas Hostel and here is the info on that one:
Address: 2 Jorelanst St., 14100, Tiberias, Israel
Phone: +972 4 6721775
Fax: +972 4 6720372
To see all the places you mention, you'll either need to rent a car, hire a private guide with a car, hire a taxi (or car with driver) or join an organized tour.
You can actually visit most of those FROM Jerusalem by joining a one- or two-day tour of the Galilee with either Egged Tours
http://tinyurl.com/yl9omb
or with United Tours
www.unitedtours.co.il/asg/Category_0.html
But neither of those companies will give you all the places you mention on any of their regular tours.
Hope that helps.
suzanne pomeranz, jerusalem, israel